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Latest Depression Treatments

If your depression doesn't get better through psychotherapy and antidepressants new medications that respond quickly may be able to treat treatment-resistant depression.

SSRIs which are also known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, are the most commonly prescribed and well-known antidepressants. They work by altering the way the brain uses serotonin.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), also known as cognitive behavioral therapy, assists you in changing negative thoughts and behavior such as hopelessness. The NHS offers 8 to 16 sessions.

1. Esketamine

The FDA approved the new treatment for depression in March 2019, a nasal spray called esketamine (brand name Spravato). It is derived from the anesthetic ketamine that has been proven to help in severe cases of depression. The nasal spray is used in conjunction alongside an oral antidepressant to combat depression that has not responded to standard medications. In one study 70% of patients with depression treatment goals that was resistant to treatment were given this drug did well - a more rapid response rate than taking an oral antidepressant.

Esketamine is different from conventional antidepressants. It raises the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain that transmit messages between brain cells. The effects aren't immediately apparent. Patients usually feel better after a couple of days however, the effects last longer than with SSRIs or SNRIs, which can take anywhere from weeks to months to take effect.

Researchers believe that esketamine reduces symptoms of depression by strengthening the connections between brain cells. In animal studies, esketamine reversed the breakdown of these connections that can occur in chronic stress and depression treatment brain stimulation. Additionally, it appears to stimulate the development of neurons that could help to reduce suicidal ideas and feelings.

Another reason why esketamine is distinct from other antidepressants is that it is delivered through a nasal spray that allows it to get into the bloodstream much faster than a pill or oral medication can. It has been proven to decrease symptoms of depression within a matter of hours. In some individuals, the effects are almost immediately.

A recent study that followed patients for 16 weeks found that not all patients who started treatment with esketamine were in Remission. This is disappointing, but not surprising, according to Dr. Amit A. Anand, a ketamine expert who was not part of the study.

Esketamine is currently only available through a clinical trial program or private practice. Esketamine is not a primary treatment for depression. It is prescribed when SSRIs and SNRIs do not be effective for a patient suffering from treatment-resistant depressive disorder. A doctor for a patient will determine if the disorder is resistant to treatment and decide if esketamine could be beneficial.

2. TMS

TMS utilizes magnetic fields in order to stimulate brain nerve cells. It is noninvasive and does not require anesthesia or surgery. It has been shown to aid people suffering from depression who have not been able to respond to medication or psychotherapy. It is also used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder and tinnitus (ringing in the ear).

For depression, TMS therapy is typically administered as a series of 36 daily treatments over six weeks. The magnetic pulses can feel like pinpricks in the scalp. It can take time to become accustomed to. Patients are able to return to work and home immediately after a treatment. Each TMS session lasts between 3.5 minutes and 20 minutes, based on the stimulation pattern.

Scientists believe that rTMS changes the way neurons communicate. This process is known as neuroplasticity, and it lets the brain form new connections and change how it operates.

TMS is FDA approved to treat depression during pregnancy treatment in cases when other treatments like medication and talk therapy have failed. It has also been proven to be effective in treating tinnitus as well as OCD. Scientists are currently examining whether it could be used to treat Parkinson's disease.

TMS has been proven to help with depression in a number studies, however not all who receives it benefits. Before you embark on this treatment, it is essential to undergo an exhaustive mental and medical evaluation. TMS is not a good option if you have a history or certain medications.

A conversation with your doctor may be beneficial if experiencing depression but aren't seeing any benefits from your current treatment. You could be eligible for the TMS trial or other forms neurostimulation. However, you must first try a variety of antidepressants before your insurance will cover the cost. If you are interested in learning more about these life-changing treatments, contact us today to schedule a consultation. Our experts can help you through the process of determining if TMS is the right option for you.

3. Deep brain stimulation

A noninvasive therapy that resets the brain circuitry could be effective in just one week for patients suffering from treatment resistant depression. Researchers have developed new methods that deliver high-dose magnetic signals to the brain faster and at a time that is that is more manageable for patients.

Stanford neuromodulation therapy, which is currently available in the Advanced Psychiatric Therapeutics Clinic at the UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, uses MRI images to guide electrodes to deliver magnetic pulses to specific brain regions. In a study conducted recently, Mitra and Raichle observed that in three-quarters (75%) of patients with depression, the usual flow of neural activity from the anterior cingulate cortex to the anterior insula was disrupted. SNT returned the flow to normal within a few days, coinciding perfectly with the easing of Menopause depression treatment.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a more invasive procedure, can produce similar results in some patients. Neurosurgeons conduct a series of tests to determine the most appropriate placement before implanting one or more leads in the brain. The leads are connected to a neurostimulator implanted under the collarbone, which looks like a heart pacemaker. The device provides continuous electrical current to the leads which alters the brain's circuitry and reduces depression symptoms.

Certain psychotherapy therapies like cognitive treatment for depression behavioral therapy and inter-personal therapy may also relieve depression symptoms. Psychotherapy can be provided in one-on-one sessions with an expert in mental health, or in a group setting. Some therapists offer online health.

Antidepressants are the mainstay of treatment for depression. In recent years, however, there have been significant advancements in the speed at which they can relieve symptoms of depression. Newer drugs, such as gepirone (Exxua), esketamine (Spravato), brexanolone (Zulresso) and dextromethorphan-bupropion (Auvelity), all have been shown to work faster than older antidepressants.

Other therapies employ electric or magnetic stimulation to stimulate the brain, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). These are more complex procedures that must be done under the supervision of a physician. In some instances they may cause seizures or other serious adverse side effects.

4. Light therapy

Bright light therapy involves sitting or standing in front of an artificially bright light source. This treatment has been used for many years to treat seasonal depression as well as major depressive disorder (SAD). Research suggests that bright light therapy can reduce symptoms such as sadness and fatigue by boosting mood and regulating circadian rhythms. It also aids those who suffer with depression treatment food that is not a continuous one.

Light therapy mimics sunlight which is a key element of a biological clock called suprachiasmatic (SCN). The SCN is associated with mood, and light therapy can alter circadian rhythm patterns that can trigger depression. Light therapy can also lower melatonin and restore the function of neurotransmitters.

Some doctors are also using light therapy to treat a less severe type of depression referred to as winter blues, which is similar to SAD but affects fewer people and only happens in the months when there is the least amount of daylight. They recommend sitting in front of a light therapy box every morning for 30 minutes while awake to get the maximum benefits. Unlike antidepressants, which can take weeks to work and often cause side effects like nausea or weight gain the light therapy method can deliver results in just a week. It is also safe for pregnant women as well as older adults.

Researchers caution against using light therapy without the supervision of a mental health professional or psychiatrist, because it can trigger manic episodes in people with bipolar disorders. Some people may feel tired in the first week because light therapy can alter their sleep-wake pattern.

PCPs should be aware of new treatments that have been approved by the FDA however, they shouldn't neglect tried-and-true methods like antidepressants or cognitive behavioral therapy. "The search for newer and better treatments is exciting, but we must continue to prioritize the best-established treatments," Dr. Hellerstein says to Healio. He says PCPs should be focusing on informing their patients about the advantages of the latest treatments and help patients adhere to their treatment strategies. This can include providing transportation to the doctor's office, or establishing reminders for them to take their medication and attend therapy sessions.