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Although data wiring does carry a small amount of voltage, anything under 30 volts is generally regarded as safe (a household circuit carries about 120 volts of power). Since power lines are designed for long-term use, Kelvin's law is used in conjunction with long-term estimates of the price of copper and aluminum as well as interest rates. The electrical cables are made of aluminium or copper wires protected by an insulating coating which can be made of synthetic polymers. Like low-voltage wire, ethernet cables are often cheaper than other types of household wiring like NM or UF cables. Wiring for modern homes is quite standard, and most homes built after the mid-1960s have similar types of wiring. Underground cables take up no right-of-way, have lower visibility, and are less affected by weather. Gray sheathing is not used for NM cable but is reserved for underground (UF) cable or service entrance cable (SE or SER). Underground Feeder (UF) is a type of nonmetallic cable designed for wet locations and direct burial in the ground. Low-voltage wires typically are insulated and may be contained in cable sheathing or combined in twisted pairs, similar to lamp cord wire.

UF cable is normally sold with gray outer sheathing. Knockout Punch: For punching holes into boxes, panels, switchgear, etc. for inserting cable & pipe connectors. It can be identified by the threaded connectors that are used to make unions and device hookups. These are less dangerous, and with some, the voltage carried is so low that there is virtually no chance of shock. In addition, many states recognize licenses from other states, sometimes called interstate reciprocity participation, although there can be conditions imposed. However, there is always a danger of data wiring coming into contact with household wiring, so you should treat it with caution and avoid touching bare wires. Telephone and data wiring are low-voltage wires used for landline phones and internet connections, typically made from copper. While still used today, it's beginning to grow less common thanks to the use of other forms of data wiring, such as HDMI, for television data transmission.

The most commonly used telephone and data wires are Cat 5 (category 5) cable and its more modern counterpart Cat 6, which can be used for both phone and data transmission and offer greater capacity and quality than standard phone wire. The auto electrical trade is generally more difficult than the electrical trade due to the confined spaces, engineering complexity of modern automotive electrical systems, and working conditions (often roadside breakdowns or on construction sites, mines, quarries to repair machinery etc.) Also the presence of high-current DC electricity makes injury from burns and arc-flash injury possible. Serious shocks rarely occur with low-voltage wires, but it is still always best to turn off devices before working with them. One notable exception is ground wires, which are typically solid copper and are either insulated with green sheathing or uninsulated (bare). But while sheathing on NM cable is a separate plastic wrap, UF cable sheathing is solid plastic that surrounds each wire.

In the case of household wiring, the conductor itself is usually copper or aluminum (or copper-sheathed aluminum) and is either a solid metal conductor or stranded wire. When you're installing new wiring, choosing the right wire or cable is half the battle. These are typically very small wires that are much different from standard circuit wiring, and their costs tend to be lower than other household wires. NM cable is dangerous to handle while the circuit conductors are carrying voltage. Yellow sheathing indicates NM cable with 12-gauge conductors. It consists of two or more individual wires wrapped inside a protective plastic sheathing. NM cable usually contains one or more "hot" (current-carrying) wires, a neutral wire, and a ground wire. Low-voltage wiring is used for circuits typically that require minimal voltage, such as landscape lighting wires, sprinkler system connections, bell wires (for doorbells), speaker system wires, thermostat wires, or anything else that requires 50 volts or less.

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