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1A. ProQuest. This article about the 1978 film fire at the National Archives warehouse in Suitland, Maryland, describes some of the toxic gases emitted by burning nitrate film. The film was also used for many years in the field of medicine, where its hazardous nature was most acute, especially in its application to X-ray photography. The responsibilities of the referee include announcing the points scored during a break, determining when a foul has been committed and awarding penalty points and free balls accordingly, replacing colours onto their designated spots after they are potted, restoring the balls to their previous positions after the "miss" rule has been invoked (see Scoring), and cleaning the cue ball or any object ball upon request by the striker. When a foul is committed, the offender's turn ends and the referee announces the penalty. The referee then tosses a coin and the winner of the toss decides who takes the first strike.

One of the first things you should know is how many billiard balls come in a set. If dissatisfied with the position left after a foul, the next player may nominate the opponent who committed the foul to play again from where the balls have come to rest. At the end of each shot, the cue ball remains in the position where it has come to rest (unless it has entered a pocket, where it is returned to the "D") ready for the next shot. These are shots that are designed to make playing a legal shot harder, such as leaving another ball between the cue ball and the object ball. The nitrocellulose lacquer yellows and cracks over time, and custom shops will reproduce this aging to make instruments appear vintage. Unwashed nitrocellulose (sometimes called pyrocellulose) may spontaneously ignite and explode at room temperature, as the evaporation of water results in the concentration of unreacted acid. Failure to make contact with a red ball constitutes a foul, which results in penalty points being awarded to the opponent. Three consecutive fouls in bottle pool results in a loss. The total number of consecutive points (excluding fouls) that a player amasses during one visit to the table is known as a "break".

A player could achieve a break of 15, for example, by first potting a red followed by a black, then another red followed by a pink, what is billiards before failing to pot the next red. The process of alternately potting reds and colours continues until the striker fails to pot the desired object ball or commits a foul-at which point the opponent comes to the table to start the next turn-or when there are no red balls remaining. The latter is a common foul committed when a player fails to escape from a "snooker", where the previous player has left the cue ball positioned such that no legal ball can be struck directly in a straight line without being wholly or partially obstructed by an illegal ball. Well, it means that instead of being fixed to an unmoving base, an object on a gimbal can rotate along at least one axis. The colours must next be potted in the ascending order of their values, from lowest to highest, i.e. yellow first (worth two points), then green (three points), brown (four points), blue (five points), pink (six points), and finally black (seven points); each colour remains in the pocket after being potted. It is normally the first coat applied, then it is sanded and followed by other coatings that bond to it.

The player must then pot another red ball followed by another colour. Each throw must be underhand and the baton must spin end over end. Even if the cue ball is struck in precisely the same manner, the effect of the nap will differ according to whether the ball is directed towards the baulk line or towards the opposite end of the table. If both players agree, the balls are returned to their starting positions and the frame is restarted (known as a "re-rack"), with the same player taking the break-off shot as before. Professional and competitive amateur matches are officiated by a referee, who is charged with ensuring the proper conduct of players and making decisions "in the interests of fair play". If the referee has also called a "miss"-meaning that the referee has deemed the opponent not to have made their best possible attempt to hit the object ball-the player has the option of having the balls replaced to their original positions and forcing the opponent to play the shot again. If you have played both snooker and pool, you might have questioned yourself is the cue ball smaller in snooker?