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There are up trends on Bitcoin charts and then there are down trends. The matrix is designed to help developers gauge how well supported features are and learn from the designs of early adopters. As of this writing, here are what we think are some of the most significant bech32-related insights we’ve gleaned from creating and reviewing the Compatibility Matrix. There are now more than 1,000 forms of cryptocurrency on the Internet today, and popular alternatives to Bitcoin such as Litecoin (developed in 2011), Ripple (2012), Dash (2014) and Ethereum (2015) have all attracted attention and market capitalization in recent years. "The cryptocurrency industry has recently faced several significant challenges, beginning with the Terra/Luna meltdown, followed by FTX, and now Binance," says MIT Cryptoeconomics Lab founder Christian Catalini. Ethereum (ETH), the second-largest cryptocurrency by market cap, https://youtu.be/GIA3wTcj5d0 is also one of the most commonly used computing platforms. However, one service we surveyed supports spending money to native segwit (bech32) P2WPKH addresses but not bech32 P2WSH addresses.

● Lack of bech32 change address support: because sending to bech32 addresses is still not universally supported, it makes sense for segwit-compatible wallets to generate P2SH-wrapped segwit receiving addresses by default. ● Tapscript resource limits: the bip-tapscript proposal limits transactions to one signature-checking operation (sigop) for every 12.5 vbytes the witness data adds to the size of the transaction (plus one free sigop per input). In a mailing list post, bip-tapscript author Pieter Wuille notes that he and Andrew Poelstra examined other resource limits on scripts that were put in place to prevent nodes from using an excessive amount of CPU or memory during verification. Pieter Wuille clarifies that since 0.10.0, Bitcoin Core uses headers-first IBD (initial block download) which eliminates the possibility of orphan blocks (as defined by the questioner). ● What happens to transactions included in invalid blocks? ● New Optech Compatibility Matrix: a new feature on the Optech website shows what wallets and services support certain recommended features, currently opt-in Replace-by-Fee (RBF) and segwit (with more comparisons planned for the future). ● Address input field length restrictions: some services might have supported sending to bech32 addresses, but when we attempted to enter a bech32 address, either it was rejected as being too long or the field simply refused to accept all the characters.

● Most tools support paying bech32 addresses: 74% of the wallets and services surveyed support paying to segwit addresses. Although this isn’t the near-universal support we’d like to see, it may be enough support that we’ll soon see more wallets switching to bech32 receiving addresses by default. The amazing math behind crypto is also how it controls the creation of new crypto tokens or coins - like Bitcoin for example. Yet five years after Bitcoin's emergence, blockchain remains more of a tantalizing concept than a tool that's actually used - kind of like Bitcoin. You can listen to this story in more detail on the latest Tech Tent podcast on BBC Sounds this Friday 12 February. For more information on gains and losses, see Publication 544, Sales and Other Dispositions of Assets. In the thread, Christian Decker notes that both current watchtowers (as implemented by LND) and future watchtowers for eltoo can have essentially O(1) costs (fixed costs) per user by having each person use a session key to update their latest state information on the watchtower. ● Watchtower storage costs: a discussion on the Lightning-Dev mailing list examined the storage requirements for current watchtowers as well as watchtowers for proposed eltoo-based payment channels.

● How do orphan blocks affect the network? ● Hardcoded previous soft fork activation blocks: the heights of the blocks where two previous soft forks activated have now been hardcoded into Bitcoin Core as the point where those forks activate. ● Why was 550 (MiB) chosen as a minimum storage size for prune mode? ● Supporting P2WPKH but not P2WSH: when we started testing various apps, we assumed "bech32 sending support" would be binary-either a tool supported it or not. An award-winning economist at Stanford University Susan Athey who has a background in computer science is also a big advocate in the technology supporting bitcoin. In his books, and in newspaper articles, Boyle continues to advocate reducing dependence on the monetary system. Meanwhile, the platform continues to narrow down the source of the problem, and as a precautionary measure, the team has disabled the cBridge. True for wallets that have private keys disabled (i.e. that are only useful as watch-only wallets).