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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee lover you're likely to know that different types of beans can produce different flavors. Learn about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica which is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a sweeter and tarter flavor, and are often added to coffee blends to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the world's most popular coffee with 75% of the world's coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter flavor than Robusta and come with a variety of flavor profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee are affected by the conditions under which it is grown and the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means berry. coffee beans delivery beans are actually seeds that develop inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were invigorated by eating these berries. The cultivation of coffee grew quickly around the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and they are able to thrive when exposed to cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is believed to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee beans coffee shops and roasters concentrate on the ethical source of their arabica beans, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to make unique signature coffees that work well with various brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the aroma, flavor and body, as well as the acidity of coffee. It is generally used to create a consistent and balanced taste that is appealing to a broad audience.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of Coffee Beans types bean cultivated worldwide. They have more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants that naturally occur. However, these acids can cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and can cause undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica and is able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a cost-effective crop to cultivate.

Although it might appear counterintuitive, Robusta beans are often blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you see the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag then it's likely that there's some robusta as well.

The majority of roasters utilize a mix of arabica and coffee beans to lower costs and maintain the quality. To maintain the integrity of the flavor, it's important to select a top-quality bean from a supplier you trust. This can be accomplished by buying your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape similar to a football which is what makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is fruity and floral with smoky undertones. They are added to other types of coffee beans to provide them with a more rich and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can thrive in low altitudes and tolerate hot, humid climates. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for growing at home. Online, you can buy seeds from a variety of sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers in order to ensure high-quality. The best growing conditions for Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils, with moderately acidic pH, and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa that was once considered a separate species but was later re-classified to be a variant of Liberica. The coffee beans that are oval in shape are grown on large coffee plants that reach 20-30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their distinctive flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular option for blends that are house-made. They have a more subtle aroma and caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta however they have a distinct flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta, yet they're the fourth most popular. They were actually considered to be a different species of coffee until 2006, when they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and have an eerie, dark taste. They're often used in blends to provide extra body and a delicious, tart, ripened fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive in warm, tropical climates as well as at higher altitudes. They can be a bit acidic. If properly roasted and brewed they may have notes of nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second to Arabica and is responsible for about 40 percent of the world's beans. These beans are smaller and rounder, but have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have woody and earthy undertones.

After you've learned about the four most popular types of coffee beans you can now choose your ideal coffee. If you want a smooth and delicate taste, go for an arabica or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.