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작성자 Zandra
댓글 0건 조회 8회 작성일 24-08-12 12:35

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Beezley, William; Meyer, Michael (2010). The Oxford History of Mexico. Small, Michael (2009). The Forgotten Peace: Mediation at Niagara Falls, 1914. Ottawa, Canada: University of Ottawa. Zimmermann hoped that Americans would understand that the idea was that Germany would not fund Mexico's war with the United States unless the Americans joined World War I. Nevertheless, in his speech Zimmermann questioned how the Washington government obtained the Telegram. The Associated Press. Washington. U.S.: Greenwood Press. p. That belief, which was not restricted to pacifist and pro-German lobbies, was promoted by German and Mexican diplomats alongside some antiwar American newspapers, especially those of the Hearst press empire. However, many Americans, particularly those with German or Irish ancestry, wished to avoid the conflict in Europe. This problem was, however, resolved when any doubts as to the authenticity of the telegram were removed by Zimmermann himself. At a press conference on March 3, 1917, he told an American journalist, "I cannot deny it. It is true." Then, on March 29, 1917, Zimmermann gave a speech in the Reichstag in which he admitted that the telegram was genuine.



Page then reported the story to Wilson on February 24, 1917, including details to be verified from telegraph-company files in the United States. On February 23, Page met with British Foreign Minister Arthur Balfour and was given the codetext, the message in German, and the English translation. Link, Arthur S. (1972). Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era, 1910-1917. New York: Harper & Row. Wilson had asked Congress for "a war to end all wars" that would "make the world safe for democracy". Because the path is steep and slick (from so many years of being worn), you end up resting on the boards at each pole. The DC system, apart from being limited as to the maximum power that can be transmitted, also can be responsible for electrochemical corrosion due to stray DC currents. Some aircraft, the Panavia Tornado for example, retain a very basic hydro-mechanical backup system for limited flight control capability on losing electrical power; in the case of the Tornado this allows rudimentary control of the stabilators only for pitch and roll axis movements.



It provided basic services for requesting responses to arbitrary commands and performing out-of-band status queries. Evidence the United States had been provided confidentially by the British informed Wilson that the message was genuine, but he could not make the evidence public without compromising the British codebreaking operation. Public opinion demanded action. Since the public had been told falsely that the telegram had been stolen in a decoded form in Mexico, the message was at first widely believed to be an elaborate forgery created by British intelligence. Besides the highly-provocative war proposal to Mexico, the telegram also mentioned "ruthless employment of our submarines". The Japanese government, another nation mentioned in the Zimmerman Telegram, was already involved in World War I, on the side of the Allies against Germany. On February 1, 1917, Germany began unrestricted submarine warfare against all ships in the Atlantic bearing the American flag, what is control cable both passenger and merchant ships.



On April 6, 1917, Congress voted to declare war on Germany. Jonathan Reed Winkler, Nexus: Strategic Communications and American Security in World War I, p. In October 2005, it was reported that an original typescript of the decoded Zimmermann Telegram had recently been discovered by an unnamed historian who was researching and preparing a history of the United Kingdom's Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ). Wilson had refused to assign US Navy crews and guns to the merchant ships, but once the Zimmermann note was public, Wilson called for arming the merchant ships although antiwar members of the US Senate blocked his proposal. Two ships were sunk in February, and most American shipping companies held their ships in port. Mexicans had a considerable amount of anti-American sentiment in return, some of which was caused by the American occupation of Veracruz. The document is believed to be the actual telegram shown to the American ambassador in London in 1917. Marked in Admiral Hall's handwriting at the top of the document are the words: "This is the one handed to Dr Page and exposed by the President." Since many of the secret documents in this incident had been destroyed, it had previously been assumed that the original typed "decrypt" was gone forever.

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