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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee enthusiast you're likely aware that different beans produce varying flavor profiles. Find out more about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a variety of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor profile, and are often used in blends of coffee to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee worldwide accounting for 75% of global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are milder and sweeter than Robusta, and come in different flavour profiles. The taste and aroma components of a coffee can vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and methods of processing employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" actually is derived from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats became energized after eating these fruit, and the cultivation of coffee quickly became widespread across the globe.

top rated coffee beans beans can be grown at high altitudes and thrive in cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is believed to be the most delicious type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters insist on sourcing their arabica beans ethically and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to make unique signature coffees that work well with many different brewing methods. Blending can control the taste, aroma, body and acidity of coffee. It is often utilized to create an even and consistent taste that is appealing to a broad audience.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of coffee beans for sale bean grown in the world. They have more caffeine per bean and are more protected against pests and diseases. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants that occur naturally. These acids can cause oxidation in the coffee beans types brewing and produce undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica and can grow in less favorable conditions. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a cheaper crop to grow.

Although it may sound contradictory it's true that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended together to create coffee blends. If you see names like Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee it's possible there's also some robusta.

Although some roasters only use arabica beans but the majority do combine the two varieties in order to cut costs and maintain quality. To maintain the integrity of the flavor, it's crucial to select a premium bean from a supplier you are confident in. This can be done by purchasing the beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped that makes them different from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is fruity and floral with the smoky notes. They are often added to other types of coffee beans to give them a more rounded and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are tolerant of hot, humid climates and can grow at low altitudes. They also have a much better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect to grow at home. The seeds can be found online from many sources, however it's recommended to purchase from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils that have a pH that is moderately acidic, and enough annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa which was originally thought to be a separate species, but was later re-classified to be a variant of Liberica. The coffee beans that are oval in shape grow on large coffee plants that can reach 20-30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular option for house blends. They are also less pronounced in scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta however they still have a distinctive richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most popular type of unroasted coffee beans wholesale beans Excelsa beans aren't so easy to locate as Arabica or Robusta. In fact they were considered to be an individual species of coffee plant until 2006 when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans are distinctive with a teardrop-shaped shape and possess an eerie, dark taste. These beans are commonly used to give blends additional body and a rich, tart taste of ripe fruit.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are renowned for their sweeter flavor. They thrive at higher altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They have a slight acidity. If they are brewed correctly and roast properly they may have notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second only to Arabica and makes up around 40% of the world's strong coffee beans. Robusta beans are more round and smaller, but contain twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two varieties and have a woody, earthy taste.

After learning about the four most popular varieties of brew, it's time to select the best brew. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste, choose an arabica bean, or a blend consisting of arabica beans and robusta beans.