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How to Replace Window Panes

A damaged window pane can be a nuisance. This can be an opportunity to upgrade your windows to energy efficient or insulated ones to enjoy benefits such as improved comfort, higher resale value and lower utility costs.

You can do it yourself for only a fraction of the cost it would cost to hire an expert. It requires the right tools and an hour or two of your time.

Glass

Replace your single-paned windows with tempered insulation glass to improve the efficiency of your energy, replacement reduce noise, and protect the historical integrity of your older home. The replacement of windows is simple and can be done by most homeowners who possess basic hand tools. In addition to a replacement pane, the following items are required such as latex glazing putty; pliers, glazier's points and an electric heater to warm the old putty if required. Before beginning, wear protective gloves and goggles since working with broken glass can cause injuries.

Begin by removing any remaining broken pieces of glass. It is recommended to use pliers for this, but a flathead can be used as well. Then, use a wood chisel or putty knife remove the remaining old putty from around the frame and the sash. Be careful not to scratch the window sash. Take your time and work slowly. It is best to do this on a sturdy ladder rather than on the ground and to have someone standing below the sash to help hold it steady.

Once you have removed all the old putty, it is time to prepare the window frame to fit the new pane. Measure the width and height of the opening for the sash, subtracting 1/8 inch from each measurement (to allow for seasonal expansion and contraction). Take these measurements to the nearest hardware store or home center and find a piece glass cut to size. You can also cut the glass by yourself if you have the appropriate tools.

After installing the new glass Apply a small amount of caulking to the edge. This will make the glass weatherproof. Install a glazier’s point on both sides of the frame. This will help secure the pane. The points should not be too tight that they cause friction between the frame and sash, but they should also not be loose.

Before applying the putty to the surface, gently knead it until it is soft and free of lumps. Cut it into pencil-sized pieces. Apply the first strip in the corner of the frame, moving from one corner to another so that it is smooth and even.

Glazier's Points

The glazier's facets are small triangular pieces of metal that help secure glass into a window frame without scratching or damaging the fragile surface. It's simple to learn how to use this nefarious tool, and you'll be able to save money on the expense of an installation by a professional.

After getting rid of the old putty glazier points and any remnants clean the frame thoroughly using an utility knife. Lightly sand the wood in the rabbet grooves, if necessary, to smooth rough areas. If you sand wood, protect it with painter's tape to protect it from damage caused by accidental sanding.

Note down the exact dimensions of the frame. Take these measurements to an hardware store or home center and have the new pane cut slightly smaller than the frame's opening. This will ensure that the pane fits comfortably and allows for expansion and contraction.

Place the new window in the frame and push it in place by using your hands. Then, use the tip of your chisel or back of the putty knife to tap in the glazier's points, as illustrated in Figure 11. The glazier's points should be flush against the top edge of your pane, and the shoulders raised should be just beneath that lip.

Apply a thin layer glazing compound to the rabbet grooves and the edges of new glass. This will protect and seal the edges. Let it dry and cure completely.

Once the glazing compound has dried it's time to put in the new window sash. The first step is to coat the wood with a thick coat of linseed oil. This will prevent the newly-created putty from drying out or cracking as it absorbs moisture. Apply the coating using a brush this coat, or even the tip of the putty blade. Then use the chisel on the back of the putty tool or the back of the handle to gently hit the new sash, or glazier's point into grooves of the rabbet. Repeat this process at intervals of 10 inches around the frame.

Putty

A baseball thrown at you or an unintentional rock, or falling branch could cause a window pane to crack or break. Most windows can be replaced easily by putting in a new piece. The glass is held in place using tiny metal clips known as the glazier's pointed and putty, also called glazing compound. Before installing a new pane, first remove the old one and clean the area using an abrasive and the pull-type paint scraper or an abrasive wood chisel. Wear protective glasses and gloves while doing this work. If the window is attached to the frame, you'll need use a heat gun to soften the adhesive before prying it free.

If you're planning to install your original sash, remove the molding that holds the old pane. Sand the sash until it's flat and ready to receive new caulk. After the sash has been installed then, you can apply a silicone caulk on the glass. This will ensure that it won't leak over time or discolor.

Remove the glazing points in the rabbets. These are the grooves on the sash where the glass is. If they're hard to chisel out, try holding the hand tool, such as a heat gun over them to soften them first. If you're using a heated gun, be careful not to scratch the railings of the sash or the sash itself by placing the tool too closely.

Create the bed for your new pane by removing the old glaze points and putty. Roll a rope made of glazing compound between your fingers, and make it around 1/2 inch thick. Then, press it into the rabbets, where the glass will sit. The glass must rest against the putty on both sides. If needed you want to tap your glass lightly into the rabbet with your thumb.

If the new pane has cracked, you can apply a silicone caulk or a glass glue based on solvents to fill in the crack prior to pressing it in the sash. If the crack is not sealed, you will need to use putty to keep water out. After the putty has dried then clean the oily film off the glass using an abrasive and allow it to dry completely prior to painting. Paint after the putty is completely dry. It won't create a solid seal and may be leaking or discoloring over time.

Paint

You may be concerned about replacing a broken piece of glass. The truth is, replacing a single pane glass doesn't need to be expensive even if you do it your own. In fact even windows with double glazing replacement windows panes can be replaced at less than the cost of a professional.

If you are working with large glass windows first, ensure that it is securely fixed to the frame. By using the correct tools and techniques you can accomplish this task fairly easily and fast.

When you are ready to begin, remove the old window pane. Remove the metal glazing points attached to it. These are essentially small metal triangles that function as "nails" which hold the window in place within the frame of wood. They are buried beneath a layer of glazing putty that hardens into a solid, molded wedge that holds the window firmly in place and hides the window's points.

After removal of the old pane clean the frame and the wood. Scrape away any old paint and sand down the rabbet grooves, where the glazing points used to be. Sand them down to bare wooden surfaces, allowing you to paint the frames with the same color. After sanding the wood you can apply a layer flax oil. This will help to prolong the life of the frame.

Then, take measurements of the dimensions of the window opening. You'll need to take horizontal and vertical measurements of the entire opening, as well as the thickness of the old pane. To get the exact size of the new pane, subtract 1/8 inch from both measurements. This will also allow for expansion and contraction of the glass during seasonal changes. You can bring these measurements to a hardware or home improvement store and have the glass cut for you.

Now, it's time to bed the new window pane. To do this, place the pane inside the frame and move it around until a 1/16 inch of putty remains between the edge of the glass and the sash on all four sides. Use a putty knife to smear the putty evenly, making sure that there isn't an excessive amount of excess putty in the corners and along the edges. When the putty dries, it can be painted with the same color as the frame to prevent water and air from leaking into the frame and causing fogging.