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2. **Propylene Glycol:** This type of coolant is less toxic than ethylene glycol, making it a safer option for the environment. Propylene glycol-based coolants are often used in eco-friendly or environmentally-conscious vehicles.

2. Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Failure: The TPS is responsible for sending signals to the engine control unit regarding the throttle position. A faulty TPS can cause erratic idling, poor acceleration, and potential stalling.

2. **Freezing and Boiling Point Regulation:** Coolant also helps regulate the freezing and boiling points of the engine's cooling system. By lowering the freezing point, coolant prevents the water in the system from turning into ice in cold temperatures. It also raises the boiling point to prevent the water from boiling over in hot conditions.

3. **OAT (Organic Acid Technology) Coolant:** OAT coolants contain organic acids that provide superior corrosion protection compared to traditional coolants. They are designed to be long-lasting and offer extended protection for modern engines.

In conclusion, coolant is a crucial component of a vehicle's cooling system that plays a vital role in preventing engine overheating and maintaining optimal performance. By understanding the functions of coolant, choosing the right type, and following proper maintenance procedures, you can ensure the longevity and efficiency of your vehicle's cooling system.

In addition to manual and automatic transmissions, there are also variations such as continuously variable transmissions (CVT) and dual-clutch transmissions (DCT) that offer unique benefits and performance characteristics. CVTs provide a seamless and efficient driving experience by continuously adjusting the gear ratio, while DCTs deliver lightning-fast gear shifts for enhanced performance.

1. Cleaning: Over time, carbon deposits, dirt, and oil residue can accumulate on the throttle body and throttle plate, affecting airflow and engine performance. Regular cleaning using a throttle body cleaner is recommended to prevent such build-up.

Function:
The throttle body is a part of the air intake system and is usually mounted between the air filter assembly and the intake manifold. Its primary function is to regulate the amount of air that flows into the engine. This is achieved by controlling the opening and closing of a throttle plate, which is connected to the accelerator pedal via a cable or electronic sensors in drive-by-wire systems.

2. **Flush and Replace:** Over time, coolant can break down and lose its effectiveness. It is recommended to flush the cooling system and replace the coolant according to the manufacturer's guidelines or maintenance schedule.

3. **Proper Mixing:** When adding coolant to the system, be sure to mix it with water in the correct ratio recommended by the manufacturer. Using distilled water is preferable to tap water to prevent mineral buildup in the system.

**Types of Coolant:**
1. **Ethylene Glycol:** This is the most common type of coolant used in vehicles. It provides excellent heat transfer properties and offers protection against freezing and boiling. Ethylene glycol should be diluted with water as per the manufacturer's recommendations.

How the Heater Core Works:
When you turn on the heating system in your vehicle, a blend door within the HVAC system directs air over the heater core. The hot coolant flowing through the core transfers its heat to the air, which is then distributed into the vehicle's interior through the vents. The blower fan helps to circulate the heated air, providing warmth to the occupants of the car.

The heater core is a vital component of your vehicle's heating and cooling system, responsible for keeping you warm during cold weather conditions. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the interior temperature of your vehicle and ensuring the comfort of you and your passengers. In this article, we will explore the functions of the heater core, how it works, common issues that may arise, and maintenance tips to keep it running efficiently.

1. Regularly check the coolant level and quality to prevent corrosion and deposits that can damage the heater core.
2. Have your cooling system flushed and refilled according to the manufacturer's recommendations to prevent clogs and overheating.
3. Check for signs of leaks, such as a sweet smell or dampness on the floor of the Vehicle Speed Sensor Input, and address them promptly to avoid further damage.

However, exhaust manifolds are also subject to wear and tear over time due to exposure to high temperatures and constant expansion and contraction. Common issues that can arise with exhaust manifolds include cracks, leaks, and rust, which can negatively impact engine performance and emissions. Regular inspections and maintenance are essential to ensure the exhaust manifold is functioning properly and to address any issues before they escalate.

There are two main types of exhaust manifolds commonly used in vehicles: cast iron and tubular. Cast iron exhaust manifolds are typically made from a single piece of cast iron and are known for their durability and ability to withstand high temperatures. On the other hand, tubular exhaust manifolds are made from separate tubes welded together and are often preferred for their lighter weight and increased performance capabilities.