• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

To say that "the worker has an interest in the fast growth of capital," means only this: that the more speedily the worker augments the wealth of the capitalist, the larger would be the crumbs which fall to him, the better will be the number of employees than will be called into existence, the extra can the mass of slaves dependent upon capital be increased. A speedy development of capital is synonymous with a fast progress of profits. The share of capital (revenue) increases in the identical proportion by which the share of labour (wages) falls, and vice versa. Finally, in whatsoever proportion the capitalist class, whether or not of one nation or of your entire world-market, distribute the online revenue of manufacturing among themselves, the entire amount of this web revenue at all times consists exclusively of the quantity by which accumulated labour has been increased from the proceeds of direct labour. The one capitalist can drive the other from the field and carry off his capital solely by promoting extra cheaply. 3. Selling the gold: In case you are in dire need of money, consider selling the gold at the current value. He could keep on promoting half-a-yard of linen at old market value; but this wouldn't have the impact of driving his opponents from the sphere and enlarging his own market.

And eventually this introduction turns into so universal that the value of the linen is lowered not solely below its old, however even under its new price of production. And so there arises among the many capitalists a universal rivalry for the rise of the division of labour and of equipment and for their exploitation upon the best doable scale. If, now, by a larger division of labour, by the appliance and enchancment of new machines, by a extra advantageous exploitation of the forces of nature on a bigger scale, a capitalist has found the technique of producing with the identical amount of labour (whether or not or not it's direct or accumulated labour) a larger quantity of products of commodities than his competitors - if, for instance, he can produce a whole yard of linen in the identical labour-time in which his opponents weave half-a-yard - how will this capitalist act? It might perhaps be argued that the capitalist class can acquire by an advantageous change of his merchandise with other capitalists, by a rise in the demand for his commodities, whether or not in consequence of the opening up of latest markets, or in consequence of briefly increased calls for in the previous market, and so forth; that the revenue of the capitalist, subsequently, may be multiplied by benefiting from other capitalists, independently of the rise and fall of wages, of the exchange value of labour-energy; or that the revenue of the capitalist can also rise via enhancements within the devices of labour, new applications of the forces of nature, and so forth.

Relative wages might fall, though real wages rise simultaneously with nominal wages, with the money worth of labour, provided solely that the actual wage does not rise in the identical proportion because the profit. Other competing capitalists introduce the identical machines, the same division of labour, and introduce them upon the identical or even upon a greater scale. If, due to this fact, the revenue of the worker increased with the speedy growth of capital, there's at the same time a widening of the social chasm that divides the worker from the capitalist, a rise in the facility of capital over labour, a higher dependence of labour upon capital. We now have thus seen that even the most favorable scenario for the working class, namely, essentially the most speedy growth of capital, nevertheless much it might enhance the fabric life of the worker, doesn't abolish the antagonism between his interests and the interests of the capitalist. It was realized by some, nevertheless, that life in the postwar era was going to be considerably totally different. Why is the value of gold going up?

In the second place, it should be borne in thoughts that, despite the fluctuations in the costs of commodities, the typical price of every commodity, the proportion through which it exchanges for different commodities, is determined by its cost of production. The bigger the army of workers amongst whom the labour is subdivided, the extra gigantic the dimensions upon which equipment is launched, the extra in proportion does the price of manufacturing lower, the more fruitful is the labour. As a way to sell extra cheaply without ruining himself, he should produce more cheaply - i.e., improve the productive forces of labour as much as attainable. But the productive forces of labour is increased above all by a greater division of labour and by a extra general introduction and constant enchancment of equipment. The improvements of machinery, the new purposes of the forces of nature within the service of production, make it attainable to produce in a given time frame, with the same quantity of labour and capital, a larger amount of products, but in no wise a bigger quantity of exchange values. Omaha, nonetheless, was closely defended by German forces.