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The term originated in the 19th century for inductors used to prevent signal distortion in long-distance telegraph transmission cables. American early and middle 20th century telephone cables had load coils at intervals of a mile (1.61 km), usually in coil cases holding many. Intervals of a kilometer allowed European systems to carry 2 Mbit/s. Finally, Heaviside made the proposal (1893) to use discrete inductors at intervals along the line. 1902 with the connection of the Australia and New Zealand networks to Canada's via the All Red Line. 2010s allowed for another expansion to 1.2 GHz, or for expansion from 550 MHz to 750 MHz in older networks to 1 GHz without changing the spacing between amplifiers. Brittain attributes this to Heaviside's failure to provide engineering details on the size and spacing of the coils for particular cable parameters. CAN FD also introduces a flexible data field size, increasing the maximum size from 8 bytes to 64 bytes. ISO 11898 series specifies physical and data link layer (levels 1 and 2 of the ISO/OSI model) of serial communication category called controller area network that supports distributed real-time control and multiplexing for use within road vehicles. This allows the modem to keep the flow of data running smoothly.

Some aircraft, the Panavia Tornado for example, retain a very basic hydro-mechanical backup system for limited flight control capability on losing electrical power; in the case of the Tornado this allows rudimentary control of the stabilators only for pitch and roll axis movements. Mu-metal has similar magnetic properties to permalloy but the addition of copper to the alloy increases the ductility and allows the metal to be drawn into wire. Permalloy cable enabled signalling speed on submarine telegraph cables to be increased to 400 words/min at a time when 40 words/min was considered good. Western Union was the leading telegraph provider for America and was seen as the best competition for the National Bell Telephone Company. Posner, Richard A. "The Appropriate Scope of Regulation in the Cable Television Industry." The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science 3, no. 1 (April 1, 1972): 98-129. doi:10.2307/3003072. Serial ports lower cable costs and make cables smaller. The significantly lower impedance and higher capacitance of these cables distort the DMX512 digital waveforms, which in turn can cause irregular operation or intermittent errors that are difficult to identify and correct. Such networks typically employ a wireless transmitter at the controller, with strategically placed receivers near the fixtures to convert the wireless signal back to conventional DMX512 wired network signals or wireless receivers built into the individual fixtures.

Specifically, the standard recommends that transmitter ports (DMX512 controller OUT port) have a low impedance connection between signal common and ground; such ports are referred to as grounded. This optical transmitter converts the RF electrical signal to a downstream optically modulated signal that is sent to the nodes. At resonance, the antenna acts electrically as a pure resistance, absorbing all the power applied to it from the transmitter. Because resistance in the coil winding is comparable to, or exceeds the radiation resistance, loading coils for extremely electrically short antennas must have extremely low AC resistance at the operating frequency. If the telephone line is subsequently reused to support applications that require higher frequencies, such as in analog or digital carrier systems or digital subscriber line (DSL), loading coils must be removed or replaced. This approximation can be arrived at by treating the loaded line as a constant k filter and applying image filter theory to it. The standard does not specify the minimum number of slots that can be sent in a packet.

The lowest eight bits provide up to 256 addresses within one line, which can consist of up to four segments, each having a maximum of 64 (TP1-64) devices, or up to 256 (TP1-256) devices. To be "naturally" resonant, the antenna must have a physical length of one quarter of the wavelength of the radio waves used (or a multiple of that length, with odd multiples usually preferred). Because twisted pair is a balanced format, half the loading coil must be inserted in each leg of the pair to maintain the balance. Another type of loading coil is used in radio antennas. Monopole and dipole radio antennas are designed to act as resonators for radio waves; the power from the transmitter, applied to the antenna through the antenna's transmission line, excites standing waves of voltage and current in the antenna element. When so loaded the antenna presents a pure resistance to the transmission line, preventing energy from being reflected. Additionally, Cablevision owned exclusive rights to the MSNBC news network in its service territory, preventing its carriage by FiOS in overlapping areas.

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