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Directly south of Halifax in Nova Scotia lie our West Indian possessions. It has not been constructed because, since that time, the views of the Admiralty have totally changed, the important works at St. Lucia have been stopped, and the policy of the Empire has been turned towards the withdrawal of our naval forces from Halifax, Bermuda, and the West Indies, so as to admit of concentration elsewhere. Turning from that policy as being utterly disastrous, there is a second policy to be considered-namely, that the State should acquire the cables of the Empire by purchase. Meanwhile, subsidiary to this main line, a multitude of short cables began to radiate from the trunk route, uniting every important European nation. No sooner had the cable route to India along the north coast of Africa been established in 1870 than British enterprise began to turn its attention southward to the problem of communication with our African Colonies.

The trouble with the Colorado River, it will be recalled, began in September, 1904. The California Development Company, promoters of the Imperial land colony, needed more water for agricultural purposes than their old irrigation ditch was then supplying, and to remedy the shortage an incision was made in the banks of the river at a point about four miles below the old tapping point, and below the international boundary line between the United States and Mexico. Instead, there are four companies, or six, if the two companies working the Halifax-Bermuda-Jamaica line be included. No serious attempt has been made to prove that submarine cables would be more efficiently managed by the State than by private companies, and we ourselves are decidedly of a contrary opinion. In 1870, while India was being joined up to Britain, a single line of cables was laid from Madras to Penang and Singapore, and thence to Batavia, in Java. By 1870, as already stated, Lisbon had been united to Britain. Nevertheless, the same Committee felt it to be its duty to add that the cable communications between Britain and India are not strategically satisfactory, as long as a cable is not laid by the Eastern Telegraph Company from Southern India to Cocos, a British island south of India.

The agreement for the construction of the latter section provided that the rate to Jamaica from Britain is not to exceed 8s. a word. First, in 1889, after negotiation with the Colonial Office, the section between Java and Australia was triplicated by a line to Roebuck Bay. Then, in 1892, the line was triplicated between Penang and Singapore. In 1898 a cable was laid under subsidy from Zanzibar to Seychelles, and thence to Mauritius; and next Mauritius was united to Durban in 1901. Thus, the line is duplicated, except from Aden to Zanzibar, and is entirely all-British, viâ Durban-Mauritius-Seychelles-Zanzibar-Aden. About the same time (in 1901) the cable was laid fix)m Durban to Mauritius, and thence continued by an all-British route to Australia, thus furnishing another strategic route home from the Cape. Should they duplicate the existing East Coast or West Coast route? No sooner was this done than it was found essential to duplicate this route. No duplicate cable was laid as yet from Madras to Penang, but the sections from Penang to Port Darwin were duplicated in 1879-1880. There were two reasons for this duplication.

This duplicate line was subsidized by some of the Australian Governments most concerned. Halifax is united by cable with Great Britain, and from Halifax a line of cable runs via Bermuda and Turks Island, which are both British possessions, directly to Jamaica. Clearly, though the State should not itself compete with, or embark upon, cable enterprise, yet, on the other hand, that service is of such extreme importance to the Empire that the State cannot stand aloof from its supervision. People who urge the State to compete in laying cables against its own private citizens forget that this may result in the ruin of the private enterprise, already hard pressed by foreign rivals; so that the State itself will have eventually to embark upon that business at great expense. He added that 'it is useless, and would be wrong, for us to wait in the hope that such communication should be established by private enterprise, and it would be right for the country to take some share in the burden of establishing it upon itself.' A line of cables was accordingly laid in 1879 from Aden down the East Coast of Africa to Natal, touching on the way at Portuguese stations.

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