• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

TVA built, owns, and operates 17,000 miles of transmission lines, to service its customers over an area including all or parts of seven Southeastern states. Today, many states have no authority to either order investments or compensate companies that make them, leaving Wall Street and the "free market" to decide who shall have reliable electric power. Companies that have been buying up transmission capacity will make a bundle, in the process. The 2003 blackout did spur some increase in investment industry-wide, from $3.5 billion per year to $6 billion in 2006. But profit-minded companies are only willing to invest funds where there is a profit to be made, namely to carry their "economy transfers," regardless of how that destabilizes the grid system overall. Of course, you could just as well say that the mass comes from additional particles, rather than the "binding energy" (e.g., there is a whole host of virtual particles that pop in and out of existence and the parameters of this effect are controlled by the presence of three quarks in a color neutral state. So, increasing the energy of the proton doesn't increase the mass, even though we say the binding energy is responsible for its mass.

The Department of Energy was tasked with identifying the cause. According to media reports, recently Southern California Edison sought approval from the state Public Utilities Commission to replace 800 miles of aging underground cable, after concluding that cable failures were the leading cause of outages that could be prevented. AEP built the first high-voltage transmission line, between Muncie and Marion in Indiana in 1911, the first long-distance line, transmitting electricity from a coal mine mouth plant, and the first commercial nuclear power plant on Lake Michigan, at the two-unit Donald Cook station, in the early 1970s. The wheeling of power, which is the transfer of electricity from one supplier over the transmission lines of another system, to where it was needed by a third customer, was used by regulated utilities to increase the reliability of regional grids, in case of an unscheduled shutdown of large generating units, such as from storms or other acts of nature. The force that acts on the electrons is called and electromotive force, or EMF, and its quantity is voltage measured in volts.

Yes, a 5 volt computer fan should be able to run on 6 volts without any issues. Is it possible to use two power supplies on a computer? Will a 5 volt computer fan run on 6 volts? Some of that new nuclear-generated power from the Southeast will be used locally, for growing demand, and some will be wheeled to the energy-short regions of the mid-Atlantic and Northeast, which refuse to build their own capacity. If a utility, such as the far-flung AEP, could buy power halfway across the country that was even marginally cheaper than what it could produce locally, it could wheel that power hundreds, or thousands of miles to its customers. However, these lines, hundreds of miles long, would not be necessary, if the mandate existed to build new nuclear plants where the capacity would be near the load centers. It oversees 56,070 miles of transmission lines, and plans regional transmission expansion to maintain grid reliability and relieve congestion. It is often stated that the solution to this transmission congestion is to build new power lines. But the Congress mandated that the Department produce a report, the National Electric Transmission Congestion Study, which it released in August 2006. The report duly noted what everyone already knew-that areas of Critical Congestion included the New York City and Connecticut service areas, with Congestion Areas of Concern all the way from New York through Northern Virginia.

In 1992, the National Energy Policy Act created another class of non-regulated electricity producers, known as exempt wholesale generators. In San Francisco, a failed cable in December 2003 created an outage for 100,000 residents. Following the August 2003 blackout, which left 50 million people from the Midwest to the East Coast in the dark, multiple Congressional hearings and a Federal investigation were conducted to examine the problem and propose solutions. PEST estimates that the 2003 blackout incurred economic losses in excess of $5 billion. The industry estimates that $100 billion is needed in new transmission capacity and upgrades, as quickly as possible. Estimates are that about 27% of its underground cable needs to be replaced. And as seen in New York City this past July, breakdowns in 100-year-old underground local distribution systems are now leaving tens of thousands of people in the dark, and must be replaced. A couple of years ago in Philadelphia, workers for PECO Energy found that some underground utility cable still in service dated to 1899. In July 1999, the failure of outdated cable was blamed for power outages in Manhattan affecting 200,000 people.

If you have any kind of questions with regards to wherever and the best way to make use of what is electric cable, you possibly can e mail us from our own website.