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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso employs precise pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the delicious coffee we enjoy. But how exactly does it work?

Barista Espresso Coffee Machine is created by forcing hot water at high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee for espresso machine, but the major difference is in the pressure.

The Head of the Group

The group head is the portafilter that you place in the espresso maker when making it. It is responsible for dispersing the water into the portafilter before controlling the pressure that results from the extraction. There are many different kinds of group heads, each with their distinct advantages and drawbacks. Some are designed to provide temperature stability while others are built to handle pre-infusion. Others are made to control the lever. There are even some that contain a variety of features, such as the E61 that is to be the most popular among baristas due to its ability to provide multiple benefits in one package.

As you can see in the image above, the group head has many notches in which you can place your portafilter before twisting it manually to secure it. A gasket of rubber is situated in the notches to make a seal when you insert your portafilter. The notches on the head allow for a precise placement of the portafilter, which is essential for an even extraction.

The group head not only lets you to put in your portafilter easily however it also keeps the temperature at a constant level. It does this by circulating hot water through the brew basket and around the portafilter, ensuring that it's always at the right temperature for extraction. This is important, as even a few degrees can make the difference between a excellent and great espresso.

The Pump

The motorized pumps that are used in espresso machines that rotate provide the nine atmospheric bar pressure needed to extract espresso. This is different from manual piston machines that rely on levers. This pressure is generated by pumping water through a heat-exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are typically less expensive and last for longer than piston-driven machines. However, both types of machines can degrade because of frequent use and poor cleaning. Pumps are also more complicated mechanically, which can raise prices of even simpler models.

Some espresso machines employ steam pressure instead of a pump in order to brew espresso. This can cause over-extraction because the boiler that makes steam also heats the water to boil. Additionally these machines typically have to restore their pressure between cups, which requires time and energy.

Many decent espresso machine machines employ an rotary or vibrating pump, with a vibration model using a rotating disc to create the pressure and a rotary model pushing hot water through the grounds under high speed. Both machines can make great espresso, however rotary machines are more stable, quieter and less likely to break down.

The Boiler

The boiler is the element which heats the water to the ideal temperature to extract. The resulting steam reaches the portafilter which holds the ground espresso coffee and gets funnelled down into the cup. During this process the steam is able to create enough pressure to push the coffee grounds through. This results in a crema on top of the espresso. This is one of the hallmarks of a great espresso.

There are three kinds of espresso makers, which differ in the type of pump they employ and how hot the espresso is. There are different ways that the brew can be controlled and the dimensions of the cup the machine is capable of making.

The earliest espresso machines were steam type. They had one boiler to create steam and brew, however the pressure they were able to generate was low - only two bars of atmospheric pressure, at most. The coffee tasted bitter and burned. This is the reason why Milanese manufacturers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni invented the modern cafe espresso machine machine.

The most well-known espresso machine is a semiautomatic that has an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they picture these machines. With a semi-automatic machine you need to grind the beans and then tamp them by hand, but the pump provides regulated water flow and pressure. This is an excellent solution that combines human control with mechanized reliability.

The Filter

Espresso machines typically use filters that separate the grounds of the coffee from the hot water. The filter is also a crucial part of the temperature control system because it stops the machine from overheating.

It also aids in flavor, as it lets you enjoy a longer bloom time. This allows the beans to release their flavor and gives an opportunity for better extraction.

It is important to remember that even the most efficient filter can produce a bad cup of coffee and espresso maker. The quality of the beans and the extraction process, remain vital.

This is where the magic happens, it's the thing that makes an espresso really taste great. The grouphead (also known as the brewhead) is where you put the portafilter - the thingy that you put the grounds of coffee into when making espresso.

In the steam-driven espresso machine hot water is heated in an airtight container to create steam. Steam then pushes the hot water through the grounds at a high pressure. These kinds of machines tend to be less expensive and simpler to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited to create the ideal conditions for brewing as they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent times, espresso machines powered by compressed air-pump have become increasingly popular. They make use of an air compressor to push hot water across the ground and are much more mobile than steam-driven electric espresso machines.