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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different varieties produce distinct flavors. Learn about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are one of the varieties of Liberica that is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor profile, and are often added to blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans comprise 75% of all global production. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour taste than Robusta, and come in a variety of flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a particular coffee can vary significantly based on the growing conditions and methods of processing used to make it.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are fruit seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were stimulated by eating fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee spread quickly across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and thrive with cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is believed to be the most delicious type of coffee.

Many Specialty coffee bean company beans (kizkiuz.com) coffee shops and roasters focus on the ethical source of arabica beans. They focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees, which can be used in various brewing methods. Blending gives control over the aroma, taste and body, as well as the acidity of coffee. It is usually preferred to get a consistent and balanced flavor that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of coffee bean cultivated worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids which are antioxidants naturally found in. These acids can cause oxidation during the brewing process of coffee and create undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica and may be grown in less favorable climates. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a cost-effective crop to grow.

Although it might seem odd Robusta beans are frequently mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you've noticed the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a bag of coffee then it's likely that there's a bit of robusta as well.

While some roasters use exclusively arabica beans, the majority of roasters use combine the two varieties in order to cut costs and maintain the quality. To preserve the flavor integrity, you should choose the highest quality beans from a trusted source. This can be accomplished by purchasing your beans directly from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped that makes them different from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is fruity and floral with the smoky notes. They are paired with other coffee bean types to give them a deeper and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They can be grown at low altitudes and tolerate humid, hot climates. They also have a more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for growing at home. The seeds can be found online coffee beans from a number of sources, however it's best to purchase them from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils with moderately acidic and adequate annual rainfall.

Excelsa is another type of coffee bean. It was originally classified as a distinct species, but has since been classified as a Liberica variant. These oval-shaped coffee beans grow on large coffee plants, which can grow to 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. They have a distinctive taste that is both tart and fruity, which has made them a popular choice for blends in house. They are also less pronounced in the aroma and caffeine compared to Arabica and Robusta however they still possess a unique taste.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta even though they are the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be a distinct coffee plant species until 2006 when they were changed to a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee production. These speciality coffee beans beans have the shape of teardrops and possess a dark, eerie taste. These beans are commonly used to give blends extra body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are known for their sweeter flavor. They thrive in warm, tropical climates as well as at higher altitudes. They also have a hint of acidity. If properly roasted and brewed, they can have notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second only to Arabica and accounts for around 40% of the world's coffee. Robusta is rounder and smaller, yet contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have earthy and woody overtones.

After having a better understanding of the four most popular varieties of brew, it's time to choose your favorite brew. If you're looking for a silky, delicate flavor, opt for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.